philosophy.wiki (2983B)
1 = Philosophy of AI = 2 what is intelligence? 3 * classically, you test this using the Turing Test 4 * interrogation game 5 * interrogate two parties, the goal of both parties is to convince the interrogator that they are human 6 * if the interrogator can't tell who is the human, the computer is intelligent 7 * the objections: 8 * the test is subjective 9 * why are we basing intelligence on _human_ intelligence? metaphor with flight, we only managed to get off the ground once we stopped imitating natural flight 10 11 intelligence is everything a computer can't do yet. 12 13 can a computer be intelligent? 14 * substitution argument: if you replace one neuron at a time with a computer chip in the human brain, you would eventually change into a computer, without your conscience or thought process changing at any point. 15 * medium argument: no. "carbohydrate racism", there's something special about carbohydrates that allows us to do stuff that computers can't do. 16 * formal systems argument: no. mathematical systems are inherently limited in some way; since computers are just formal systems, therefore they inherently have some limitations. we are not formal systems (that's debatable) so we do not have those limitations. 17 * symbol-grounding: learning systems manipulate symbols 18 * symbols can only refer to other symbols, so how can a computer ever know what's "red", "heavy", "sad" in the 'real' world? 19 * so simulated intelligence ≠ real intelligence 20 * thought experiment - the Chinese Room: 21 * a room with Chinese symbols coming in 22 * there's one person inside that uses a book to translate Chinese symbols to other symbols 23 * there's nothing in this system that understands Chinese 24 25 Mind-body problem: 26 * we have the physical body, and metaphysical thoughts 27 * what could be the relationship between the physical and the metaphysical? 28 * opinions: 29 * mind-body dualism, interactionism: we consist of two parts (physical _and_ metaphysical) -- Descartes 30 * materialism: the mind and body is one thing 31 * gradualism: we evolved the mind (intelligence, consciousness) over time 32 33 Intentional stance: 34 * intelligence/consciousness is "attributed" and "gradual" 35 * so the question isn't "will computers ever be conscious?", but rather "will we ever use consciousness-related words to describe them?" 36 * if it's useful to talk about consciousness, motivation, feeling, etc., then we are allowed to (or should) do so equally for both humans and machines 37 * people have a strong tendency to take the intentional stance, so we will _call_ our computers "intelligent" 38 39 Free will: 40 * reasons why it can't be true: 41 * physics is deterministic, you can predict the next states, so your brain doesn't _physically_ allow free will 42 * inconsistent with psychology and neuroscience -- motor areas begin activity 2 seconds before we think we want to do something ([[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQ4nwTTmcgs|Libet's experiment]])