philosophy.html (3635B)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/mathjax/MathJax@2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> 5 <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css"> 6 <title>philosophy</title> 7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 8 </head> 9 <body> 10 11 <div id="Philosophy of AI"><h1 id="Philosophy of AI">Philosophy of AI</h1></div> 12 <p> 13 what is intelligence? 14 </p> 15 <ul> 16 <li> 17 classically, you test this using the Turing Test 18 19 <ul> 20 <li> 21 interrogation game 22 23 <li> 24 interrogate two parties, the goal of both parties is to convince the interrogator that they are human 25 26 <li> 27 if the interrogator can't tell who is the human, the computer is intelligent 28 29 </ul> 30 <li> 31 the objections: 32 33 <ul> 34 <li> 35 the test is subjective 36 37 <li> 38 why are we basing intelligence on <em>human</em> intelligence? metaphor with flight, we only managed to get off the ground once we stopped imitating natural flight 39 40 </ul> 41 </ul> 42 43 <p> 44 intelligence is everything a computer can't do yet. 45 </p> 46 47 <p> 48 can a computer be intelligent? 49 </p> 50 <ul> 51 <li> 52 substitution argument: if you replace one neuron at a time with a computer chip in the human brain, you would eventually change into a computer, without your conscience or thought process changing at any point. 53 54 <li> 55 medium argument: no. "carbohydrate racism", there's something special about carbohydrates that allows us to do stuff that computers can't do. 56 57 <li> 58 formal systems argument: no. mathematical systems are inherently limited in some way; since computers are just formal systems, therefore they inherently have some limitations. we are not formal systems (that's debatable) so we do not have those limitations. 59 60 <li> 61 symbol-grounding: learning systems manipulate symbols 62 63 <ul> 64 <li> 65 symbols can only refer to other symbols, so how can a computer ever know what's "red", "heavy", "sad" in the 'real' world? 66 67 <li> 68 so simulated intelligence ≠ real intelligence 69 70 <li> 71 thought experiment - the Chinese Room: 72 73 <ul> 74 <li> 75 a room with Chinese symbols coming in 76 77 <li> 78 there's one person inside that uses a book to translate Chinese symbols to other symbols 79 80 <li> 81 there's nothing in this system that understands Chinese 82 83 </ul> 84 </ul> 85 </ul> 86 87 <p> 88 Mind-body problem: 89 </p> 90 <ul> 91 <li> 92 we have the physical body, and metaphysical thoughts 93 94 <li> 95 what could be the relationship between the physical and the metaphysical? 96 97 <li> 98 opinions: 99 100 <ul> 101 <li> 102 mind-body dualism, interactionism: we consist of two parts (physical <em>and</em> metaphysical) -- Descartes 103 104 <li> 105 materialism: the mind and body is one thing 106 107 <li> 108 gradualism: we evolved the mind (intelligence, consciousness) over time 109 110 </ul> 111 </ul> 112 113 <p> 114 Intentional stance: 115 </p> 116 <ul> 117 <li> 118 intelligence/consciousness is "attributed" and "gradual" 119 120 <li> 121 so the question isn't "will computers ever be conscious?", but rather "will we ever use consciousness-related words to describe them?" 122 123 <li> 124 if it's useful to talk about consciousness, motivation, feeling, etc., then we are allowed to (or should) do so equally for both humans and machines 125 126 <li> 127 people have a strong tendency to take the intentional stance, so we will <em>call</em> our computers "intelligent" 128 129 </ul> 130 131 <p> 132 Free will: 133 </p> 134 <ul> 135 <li> 136 reasons why it can't be true: 137 138 <ul> 139 <li> 140 physics is deterministic, you can predict the next states, so your brain doesn't <em>physically</em> allow free will 141 142 <li> 143 inconsistent with psychology and neuroscience -- motor areas begin activity 2 seconds before we think we want to do something (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQ4nwTTmcgs">Libet's experiment</a>) 144 145 </ul> 146 </ul> 147 148 </body> 149 </html>