Lecture 6.md (2655B)
1 +++ 2 title = "Lecture 6" 3 +++ 4 # Lecture 6 5 6 Chaos Computer Club (1982) — activism 7 8 - hacking to make political statement 9 - positive meaning at the time, when they hacked a bank they were hailed as heroes by the people 10 - but they also had their own agenda 11 - by 1988 hacking was criminalised, and Wernéry was arrested for computer crime. 12 13 Demoscenes in 1980s 14 15 - were European phenomenon — magazines distributed on floppy disks 16 - underground, digital journalism and art subculture 17 - stories, pictures, etc. 18 19 personal computers 20 21 - netherlands — governments were trying to teach people how to use it 22 - from 1986, government made computer education for future gainz 23 - by 1980s, 30% owned a pc. by 1995, 60% did. 24 - real support by the governments 25 - 1993 — hacking at the end of the universe conference. 26 - 1994 — de digitale stad (digital city). not only hacktivists, but also civilians learned about it, and all modems were sold out in 3 days. 27 28 ## Rise of Internet 29 "confluence of 3 desires” 30 31 government and France Telecom offered the Minitel computer. one of the largest consumer networks, larger than most American stuff 32 33 netherlands — Viditel (1980), Dutch version of Minitel. was not as popular because the gov didn’t fund it as much 34 35 electronic mail (1981) was one of the biggest uses in America, not as much in Europe. still, companies/unis/gov used it. 36 37 in the US, it’s big networks owned by companies. in EU, every country had its own network, owned by governments. 38 39 Rise of gaming: 40 41 - playing was used during the years as a way of appropriating 42 - Chess by Alan Turing, Nimbus, Spacewar!, Pong 43 - Pacman was the turning point, started selling computers and making more money 44 - that’s when people realised this could be a business 45 46 ## Rise of computer science & information science as academic discipline 47 In the US, they started as a group. 48 in France, mainly from social sciences or engineering schools 49 50 First NL Bachelor program was in 1981, you have a masters since graduation in 1973 51 52 Bachelor in Information Science was first at Tilburg Catholic School (home of SSAA) — sign of professionalisation 53 54 Eventually, the three traditions split into various courses (approximately): 55 56 - Administration => IMM 57 - Process Control => LI 58 - Science => CS 59 60 ### Paradigm shifts: 61 62 - content-oriented —> service-oriented 63 - local —> “global” 64 - pc as tool —> pc as gateway to internet 65 66 info society => knowledge society 67 68 ### Esther Dyson 69 70 - studied econ at Harvard, wealthy parents 71 - both parents studied exact sciences 72 - did good investments 73 - CEOs valued her observations in her newsletter “Release” and Release 2.1 about digital culture