Lecture 6.html (4378B)
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3 <html><head><link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><meta name="exporter-version" content="Evernote Mac 7.9 (457563)"/><meta name="altitude" content="278"/><meta name="author" content="Alex Balgavy"/><meta name="created" content="2018-05-12 17:53:25 +0000"/><meta name="latitude" content="50.11341383621586"/><meta name="longitude" content="14.33734557420951"/><meta name="source" content="desktop.mac"/><meta name="updated" content="2018-05-30 18:59:56 +0000"/><title>Lecture 6</title></head><body><div>Chaos Computer Club (1982) — activism</div><ul><li><div>hacking to make political statement</div></li><li><div>positive meaning at the time, when they hacked a bank they were hailed as heroes by the people</div></li><li><div>but they also had their own agenda</div></li><li><div>by 1988 hacking was criminalised, and Wernéry was arrested for computer crime.</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Demoscenes in 1980s</div><ul><li><div>were European phenomenon — magazines distributed on floppy disks</div></li><li><div>underground, digital journalism and art subculture</div></li><li><div>stories, pictures, etc.</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>personal computers</div><ul><li><div>netherlands — governments were trying to teach people how to use it</div></li><li><div>from 1986, government made computer education for future gainz</div></li><li><div>by 1980s, 30% owned a pc. by 1995, 60% did.</div></li><li><div>real support by the governments</div></li><li><div>1993 — hacking at the end of the universe conference.</div></li><li><div>1994 — de digitale stad (digital city). not only hacktivists, but also civilians learned about it, and all modems were sold out in 3 days.</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rise of Internet</span></div><div>"confluence of 3 desires”</div><div>government and France Telecom offered the Minitel computer. one of the largest consumer networks, larger than most American stuff</div><div>netherlands — Viditel (1980), Dutch version of Minitel. was not as popular because the gov didn’t fund it as much</div><div>electronic mail (1981) was one of the biggest uses in America, not as much in Europe. still, companies/unis/gov used it.</div><div><br/></div><div>in the US, it’s big networks owned by companies. in EU, every country had its own network, owned by governments.</div><div><br/></div><div>Rise of gaming:</div><ul><li><div>playing was used during the years as a way of appropriating</div></li><li><div>Chess by Alan Turing, Nimbus, Spacewar!, Pong</div></li><li><div>Pacman was the turning point, started selling computers and making more money</div></li><li><div>that’s when people realised this could be a business</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rise of computer science & information science as academic discipline</span></div><div>In the US, they started as a group.</div><div>in France, mainly from social sciences or engineering schools</div><div>First NL Bachelor program was in 1981, you have a masters since graduation in 1973</div><div>Bachelor in Information Science was first at Tilburg Catholic School (home of SSAA) — sign of professionalisation</div><div><br/></div><div>Eventually, the three traditions split into various courses (approximately):</div><ul><li><div>Administration => IMM</div></li><li><div>Process Control => LI</div></li><li><div>Science => CS</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Paradigm shifts:</span></div><ul><li><div>content-oriented —> service-oriented</div></li><li><div>local —> “global”</div></li><li><div>pc as tool —> pc as gateway to internet</div></li></ul><div>info society => knowledge society</div><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Esther Dyson</span></div><ul><li><div>studied econ at Harvard, wealthy parents</div></li><li><div>both parents studied exact sciences</div></li><li><div>did good investments</div></li><li><div>CEOs valued her observations in her newsletter “Release” and Release 2.1 about digital culture</div></li></ul><div><br/></div></body></html>